Didžioji Prancūzijos revoliucija ir nacionalinio judėjimo pradžia
Kai 1789 m. liepos 14 d. prancūzų revoliucionieriai užėmė Bastiliją, jie iškilmingai paskelbė: “Išaušo apreiškimo diena. Išgirdę Prancūzijos laisvės šauksmą, iš kapų kyla kaulai: jie yra liudininkai šimtmečių priespaudos ir mirties, ir jie skelbia žmogaus ir tautų atgimimą <…>. Tironams atėjo galas”.
Iš tiesų XIX a. vėliau buvo pavadintas “Tautų pavasariu”, t.y. amžiumi, kai gimė nacionalinės vienybės, nacionalinės valstybės idėjos. Europos tautos pakilo į kovą prieš pavergėjus, stengėsi išsilaisvinti iš imperinių gniaužtų ir sukurti savo valstybes.
Iki Didžiosios prancūzų revoliucijos Europa buvo sukaustyta feodalizmo ir absoliutizmo. Valstybės buvo kuriamos ne vienijant vieną tautą, bet remiantis teritoriniu-dinastiniu principu. Todėl atskiras valstybes sudarė ne viena, o kelios tautos. Neretai viena tauta buvo padalijama atskiroms valstybėms. Pavyzdžiui, po padalijimų lenkai gyveno Rusijoje, Austrijoje, Prūsijoje.
Feodalizmo ir absoliutizmo epochoje visuomenė ir valstybės santvarka buvo suręsta ant luominės tvarkos pagrindų. Tautinė arba nacionalinė savimonė čia vaidino antraeilį vaidmenį. -Karaliams vykdant dinastinę politiką, stengiantis praplėsti valstybių teritorijas, karų ar santuokų metu atskiros valstybių dalys su miestais ir kaimais atitekdavo skirtingiems valdovams ir į pavaldinių tautybę niekas nekreipdavo dėmesio. Tarp-bendruomeniniai ryšiai taip pat nebuvo išvystyti, todėl buvo sunku suvokti, kad kiek toliau gyvenantys žmonės kalba ta pačia kalba, laikosi panašių papročių, yra to paties tikėjimo.
Prasidėjus revoliuciniams karams, buvo pažadinta tautinė prancūzų savimonė. Visi šalies gyventojai suvokė priklausą vienai nacijai, turintys ginti ne monarchą, o savo nacionalinę valstybę. Vėliau, kai Napoleonas užkariavo kitas Europos šalis, patriotizmo bei nacionalinės vienybės idėjos išplito ir kitose Europos tautose.
Romantizmo įtaką nacionalizmo ir patriotizmo formavimuisi
Vaizdžiai apibūdindami romantizmo epochą, istorikai dažnai sako, kad XIX a. pr. visa Europa paniro į romantizmo sapną.
Romantizmo srovės menininkai, tiek poetai, tiek dailininkai, ypatingai akcentavo žmonių jausmus, aistras, ieškojo tautos ir visuomenės ištakų. Tikrasis pasaulis ir gyvenimas romantikams buvo dvasinis, idealus pasaulis, kuris yra amžinas ir begalinis. Šį dvasinį pasaulį romantikai net prilygino Dievui. Remdamiesi tokia filosofija, romantizmo atstovai sakė, kad tik praeityje reikia ieškoti idealų, ten glūdi tėvynės ir tautos pagrindai. Todėl romantikai idealizavo praeitį, o ypač viduramžius, kuriuose jie ieškojo patriotizmo, pasiaukojimo už tautą, už tėvynę pavyzdžių.
Praeityje ieškodami didvyriškumo pavyzdžių, kovos už laisvę simbolių, romantikai skatino patriotizmą, o taip pat ir atskiro žmogaus individualumą. Žymiausi romantizmo atstovai yra anglų poetas Lordas Baironas, vokiečių kompozitorius Francas Šubertas, lenkų ir lietuvių poetas Adomas Mickevičius, rusų poetai Aleksandras Puškinas bei Michailas Lermontovas.
Romantizmo epochoje atsirado ir nauja literatūros srovė – istorinis romanas. Žymiausiu jo pradininku yra laikomas anglų rašytojas Valteris Skotas, savo kūriniuose aprašęs Anglijos viduramžius, sukilimus ir pavergtųjų kovas už laisvę. Kovą despotams, valdovams skelbė ir prancūzų rašytojas bei dramaturgas Viktoras Hugo.
Romantizmas atsispindėjo ne tik mene, bet ir moksliniuose tyrinėjimuose. XVIII a. pab.-XX a. pr. imta tirti tautosaką, užrašomos liaudies dainos, pasakos. Buvo tiriamos ir sisteminamos Rytų Europos tautų kalbos, rašomos čekų, lietuvių, latvių kalbų gramatikos. Romantikai kompozitoriai kūrė muziką liaudies dainų motyvais. Taip stengtasi išaukštinti visa tai, kas buvo sukurta tautos. Tai stiprino tautinę savimonę.
Tautų atgimimas Vidurio ir Rytų Europoje
Romantizmui darant įtaką, prasidėjo tautinis judėjimas Rytų ir Vidurio Europoje bei Balkanuose. Daugelis čia gyvenusių tautų viduramžiais buvo sukūrusios savo valstybes, tačiau XV-XVIII a. prarado savarankiškumą, įėjo į Rusijos, Turkijos, Austrijos imperijas bei Prūsijos karalystės sudėtį. Lenkų, čekų, vengrų ir kitų tautų nacionalinį atgimimą paskatino Didžioji Prancūzijos revoliucija, laisvės, lygybės bei brolybės idėjos.
Viduramžiais, kai Rytų Europoje susikuria valstybės, jose neįsigali tų tautų kalbos. Tiek bažnyčioje, tiek valstybės reikaluose buvo vartojama lotynų, senoji slavų, o Balkanuose – senovės graikų kalbos. Viduramžiais nacionalinę kalbą vartojo tik valstiečiai. Bajorija dažnai nutautėdavo ir perimdavo vyraujančios valstybėje tautos kalbą. Pavyzdžiui, daugelis lietuvių bajorų sulenkėjo, čekų bajorija perėmė vokiečių kalbą bei kultūrą, taip pat suvokietėjo vengrų bajorai, kurie dominavo kroatų, rumunų gyvenamose teritorijose. Latviškai ir estiškai daugiausiai kalbėjo tik valstiečiai, nes jų gyvenamose teritorijose dominavo vokiečių feodalai arba rusų didikai, o ukrainiečių žemėse – lenkų bajorija.
Tokie kalbos skirtumai išryškėjo netgi tarp kaimo ir miesto. Rytų Europos miestuose vyravo gyventojai kitataučiai. Lenkijoje daugumoje miestų dominavo vokiečiai arba žydai. Vengrijos miestuose, kaip ir Čekijos, Latvijos ir Estijos, gyveno vokiečiai. Lietuvos miestai tautine sudėtimi buvo itin margi. Juose gyveno lenkai, žydai, vokiečiai. Tik antroje XIX a. pusėje, prasidėjus pramonės perversmui, vis daugiau valstiečių kėlėsi į miestus.
Tautiniam judėjimui prasidėjus, visų pirma buvo raginama gaivinti nacionalinę kalbą, vis plačiau ją vartoti, siekti, kad tautos gyvenamoje teritorijoje ji taptų valstybine. “Tauta gyva savo kalba” – toks buvo prasidėjusio tautinio atgimimo šūkis. Visuose Rytų Europos kraštuose buvo pradėti steigti nacionaliniai teatrai, muziejai, plito nacionalinė literatūra. XIX a. pr. tokiam nacionaliniam atgimimui Lenkijoje ir Vengrijoje vadovavo bajorija bei inteligentija. Kitose tautose, pavyzdžiui, Čekijoje, Rumunijoje, Lietuvoje, Latvijoje arba Estijoje, kurių valdantysis sluoksnis buvo veik visiškai nutautėjęs, nacionalinio atgimimo puoselėtojais dažniausiai tapdavo iš valstiečių arba miestiečių kilę inteligentai.
Atrodė, kad išsivadavimo viltis bus galima įgyvendinti prasidėjus 1848 m. revoliucijai. Revoliucijos metu patyrę skaudžių pralaimėjimų, lenkai, čekai, vengrai, kroatai savo pastangas sukoncentravo užsitikrinti politinę ir kultūrinę autonomijas, nesiekdami visiškai atsiskirti nuo Austrijos imperijos.
Išsivaduoti iš svetimųjų priespaudos XIX a. pavyko Balkanų tautoms, kovojusioms prieš turkus. Šioje kovoje jas rėmė didžiosios Europos valstybės, todėl ir kova buvo sėkminga. Savo valstybingumą atkūrė bei Osmanų jungą nusimetė serbai, vėliau graikai, rumunai, bulgarai, o XX a. pr. savo valstybę sukūrė albanai.
Šovinizmas
“Tautų pavasarį” lydėjo ir kai kurie negatyvūs nacionalizmo reiškiniai. Be siekių sukurti tautines valstybes, atsirado mėginimai iškelti savo tautą ir naciją virš kitų, net užgrobti kaimynines tautas bei jų žemes. Visą pirmą XIX a. pusę italai bei vokiečiai siekė sukurti, suvienyti savo tautines valstybes. Tai jiems pavyko įgyvendinti 1860-1871 m. Tačiau paskelbusi vieningos II-osios imperijos atkūrimą, Vokietija pradėjo siekti dominuoti Europoje, norėjo germanizuoti užgrobtas lenkų žemes. Italai ėmė veržtis į Adrijos jūros pakrantes, siekdami išstumti ten gyvenusius slovėnus ir kroatus.
Net neturėjusios savo valstybių tautos norėjo varžyti kitų tautų teises. Lenkai nenorėjo pripažinti lietuvių teisės apsispręsti bei visaip varžė ukrainiečių nacionalinį judėjimą. Vengrai, 1867 m. pasiekę labai plačią politinę-kultūrinę autonomiją Austrijos-Vengrijos sudėtyje, savo ruožtu, slopino rumunų, kroatų, slovakų nacionalinius judėjimus.
Kaip yra taikliai pastebėjęs lietuvių istorikas Vincas Trumpa, tautų nacionalizmas neišvengiamai veda į imperializmą. Tačiau mažų tautų nacionalizmas gimdo tik mažą imperializmą. Tuo tarpu didžiosios Europos tautos siekė įsivyrauti Europoje, grobti, užkariauti kitas šalis. Tuo metu gimė ir šovinizmas -teorija, kad tik didelės tautos ir didelės valstybės gali išlikti, įsitvirtinti pasaulyje. Jos turi užvaldyti kitas nacijas, visų pirma “antrarūšes”, t.y. kitos rasės, kito tikėjimo, kitos kultūros tautas, kurios, neva, negali sukurti pilnavertės valstybės. Tai antroje XIX a. pusėje paskatino kolonijų grobimą, valstybių įtakos plėtimą, ginklavimosi varžybas bei kovą “dėl vietos po saule”.
Klausimai
- Kodėl XIXa. yra vadinamas “Tautų pavasariu”?
- Kaip iki XIXa. buvo kuriamos valstybės?
- Kodėl tautinė savimonė nesiformavo feodalinėje visuomenėje?
- Kokią įtaką nacionalizmo formavimuisi padarė romantizmas?
- Kodėl prasidėjus tautiniam judėjimui buvo siekiama atgaivinti nacionalinę kalbą?
- Kokios tautos Europoje siekė savarankiškumo?
- Kokie buvo neigiami nacionalinio judėjimo bruožai? Pateikite konkrečių pavyzdžių.
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A piece that did not try to be timeless and ended up reading as durable anyway, and a look at goldenknack extended that durable feel, content that stays useful past its publication date without straining for permanence is content that ages well and this site has the kind of evergreen quality that I value highly today.
However measured this site clears the bar I set for sites I take seriously, and a stop at sherpaslick continued clearing that bar, the metrics I use for site quality are admittedly informal but they are consistent and this site has cleared them on multiple measurements across multiple visits which is meaningful for my evaluation.
If the topic interests you at all this is a place to spend time, and a look at forgefeat reinforced that recommendation, the broader question of where to invest topical reading time is one this site answers convincingly through the consistent quality across multiple pieces I have sampled during the current reading session today.
Really appreciate the absence of stock photos that have nothing to do with the content, and a quick visit to swiftswallow maintained the same restraint, visual filler is a tell that the writing cannot stand on its own and the lack of it here suggests the team has confidence in their content quality alone.
Speaking as someone who used to recommend blogs frequently and got out of the habit this site is rekindling that impulse, and a look at voicesash extended the rekindling, the recovery of an old habit triggered by encountering work that justifies it is itself a small kind of pleasure and this site is providing that recovery experience.
Reading this in a moment of low energy still kept my attention, and a stop at vitalsummit continued that engagement under suboptimal conditions, content that survives the reader being tired is content with extra reserves of pull and this site has the kind of writing that holds up even when I am not at my reading best.
Speaking from the perspective of a fairly demanding reader the writing here clears the bar consistently, and a look at siloteapot continued clearing that bar, the calibration of demanding reader is something I apply to all sources and this site has been one of the few that handles the demanding reading well across pieces sampled.
Came across this through a roundabout path and now it is on my regular rotation, and a stop at juncokudos sealed that decision, the open web still produces serendipitous discoveries when you let the citations and references guide you rather than relying purely on algorithmic feeds for new content recommendations always.
Picked up two new ideas that I expect will come up in conversations this week, and a look at idleflint added another, content that arms me with talking points rather than just filling time is the kind that provides ongoing value beyond the moment of reading and this site is generating that kind of ongoing value.
The lack of unnecessary jargon made the post accessible without sacrificing accuracy, and a look at straitsalt continued in the same accessible style, technical topics often hide behind specialised vocabulary but here the writer trusts the reader to keep up with plain language and that trust pays off nicely throughout the entire post.
Honest take is that this was better than I expected when I clicked through, and a look at gambithusk reinforced that, the bar for online content has dropped so much that finding something thoughtful and well constructed feels almost noteworthy now which says more about the average than about this site itself.
Refreshing to find writing that does not try to manipulate the reader into clicking onto the next page through cliffhangers and forced engagement, and a stop at gondoenvoy continued in the same respectful way, this is what reader first design actually looks like in practice rather than just in marketing copy that sounds nice.
Thanks for putting this online without locking it behind email signups or paywalls, and a quick visit to firhush kept that open feel going, content that trusts the reader to come back rather than gating access is the kind of approach I will reward with regular return visits over time happily.
Thanks for treating the topic with the seriousness it deserves without becoming pompous about it, and a stop at guavaflank continued that balanced treatment, the gap between earnest and self serious is huge and writers who can stay on the right side of it earn my respect when I find them online today.
Worth recognising that this site does not chase the daily news cycle, and a stop at sandaltimber confirmed the longer publication arc, sites that resist the pressure to comment on every passing event are sites with genuine editorial discipline and this one has clearly chosen depth over volume which I respect deeply.
If you scroll past this site without looking carefully you will miss something, and a stop at fortfalcon extended that mild warning, the surface of the site does not advertise its quality loudly which means careful attention is required to recognise what is being offered here which is itself a kind of editorial signal.
Good clean post, no errors and no awkward phrasing that breaks the reading flow, and a stop at syrupserif kept the same standard, definitely the kind of editorial care that earns a return visit because it tells me the writer is paying attention to details that matter to readers rather than just rushing publication.
Bookmark folder created specifically for this site, and a look at idleketo confirmed the dedicated folder was the right call, dedicated folders for individual sites are a level of organisation I rarely deploy and this site has earned that level of dedicated tracking based on the consistency I have seen so far across sessions.
I learned more from this short post than from longer articles I read earlier today, and a stop at keenfern added even more useful detail without going off topic, this site clearly knows how to keep things focused without sacrificing depth which is a hard balance to strike for any writer.
Appreciated how the post felt complete without overstaying its welcome, and a stop at swiftswallow confirmed that economical approach runs across the site, knowing when to stop is a skill many writers never develop but here the discipline is obvious and welcome from the perspective of a busy reader trying to learn things efficiently.
Felt a small spark of recognition when the post named something I had been struggling to articulate, and a look at swampstaple produced more such moments, the rare service of giving readers language for fuzzy intuitions is one of the higher values that good writing can provide and this site offered several today instances.
Recommend this to anyone who values clear thinking over flashy presentation, and a stop at gamerember continued in the same understated way, this site has its priorities in the right place which makes it worth supporting through repeat visits and recommendations rather than just one passing read today before moving on quickly elsewhere.
Worth flagging that the post handled an angle of the topic I had not seen elsewhere, and a look at gondoiris extended that fresh treatment, content that finds underexplored corners of well covered subjects is genuinely valuable and this site has demonstrated that exploratory editorial approach across multiple pieces in my reading sessions today.
Now recognising that the post handled the topic with appropriate technical precision without becoming dry, and a stop at firjuno continued that balance, technical precision and readability are often in tension and this site has clearly figured out how to maintain both at once which is one of the harder editorial achievements in the form.
A piece that earned its conclusions through the body rather than asserting them at the end, and a look at vesselthrift maintained the same earned quality, conclusions that follow from what came before are more persuasive than declarations and this site has clearly internalised that principle in how it constructs arguments throughout pieces.
Reading this back to back with a similar piece elsewhere made the quality difference obvious, and a stop at sorbettower only widened the gap, comparing content side by side is a useful exercise and the gap between this site and average competitors in the space is large enough to be noticeable from the first paragraph.
Quiet confidence runs through the whole post, no need to shout to make the points stick, and a stop at fossera carried that same restrained voice forward, content that respects the reader by trusting its own substance rather than dressing it up in theatrical language is what I look for online and rarely actually find these days.
Bookmarking this for later, the kind of resource I want to keep nearby, and a quick look at igloohaze confirmed the rest of the site is worth the same treatment, definitely going into my reference folder for the next time the topic comes up at work or in conversation with someone who asks.
The post made the topic feel approachable without making it feel trivial, that is a fine balance, and a stop at sagevogue maintained the same balance, finding the middle ground between welcoming and serious is genuinely difficult and the writers here have clearly figured out how to consistently hit it well across many different posts.
Pass this along to anyone you know dealing with similar questions, the answers here are clear, and a stop at shamrockveil adds even more useful material, this is the kind of resource that deserves to circulate widely rather than getting lost in the constant churn of new content online that buries good work daily.
Worth a slow read rather than the fast scan I usually default to, and a look at gapherb earned the same slower pace from me, content that resets my reading speed downward is content with substance worth absorbing and this site has produced that effect on me multiple times now over the last week here.
Got something practical out of this that I can apply later this week, and a stop at gongflora added more details to think about, this is exactly the kind of content I bookmark for future reference rather than the throwaway listicles that dominate most search results these days for almost any common topic.
Picked a friend mentally as the audience for this and decided to send the link, and a look at firkit confirmed the send was the right choice, choosing whom to share content with is a small act of curation that I take more seriously than the public sharing most platforms encourage these days online.
Looking for similar voices elsewhere has come up empty in my recent searches, and a stop at guavahilt extended the search frustration, the rare site that does what no other does in quite the same way is precious and this one has clearly developed a particular approach that I have not been able to find duplicates of.
Reading this in three sittings because the day was fragmented, and the piece survived the fragmentation, and a stop at keenfoil held up under similar reading conditions, content engineered for continuous attention is fragile in modern conditions and this site reads as durable across the realistic ways people consume content today.
Felt like the post had been edited rather than just drafted and published, and a stop at thrashurge suggested the same care across the site, the difference between edited and unedited content is enormous for the reader and this site has clearly invested in the editing pass that most blogs skip entirely which really does show up.
Came in tired from a long day and the writing held my attention anyway, and a stop at irisetch kept that going, content that can engage a fatigued reader is doing something right because most online reading happens in suboptimal conditions like that one and quality content adapts to it without complaint.
This design is spectacular! You certainly know how to keep a reader amused. Between your wit and your videos, I was almost moved to start my own blog (well, almost…HaHa!) Great job. I really loved what you had to say, and more than that, how you presented it. Too cool!
Reading this on a phone at a coffee shop and finding it perfectly suited to that context, and a stop at tailortarget continued the comfortable mobile experience, content that works across reading conditions without compromising on substance is increasingly important and this site has clearly thought about the whole reader experience here.
Genuine reaction is that this site clicked with how I like to read, and a look at fossgusto kept that comfortable fit going, sometimes you find a place online whose editorial decisions just align with your preferences and when that happens it is worth recognising and supporting through repeat engagement consistently going forward.
A memorable post for me on a topic I had thought I was tired of, and a look at topazstrict suggested the same site can refresh other tired topics, sites that can revive my interest in subjects I had written off as exhausted are doing rare work and this one is clearly doing that for me today.
However measured this site clears the bar I set for sites I take seriously, and a stop at gapjumbo continued clearing that bar, the metrics I use for site quality are admittedly informal but they are consistent and this site has cleared them on multiple measurements across multiple visits which is meaningful for my evaluation.
Started reading and ended an hour later without realising the time had passed, and a look at gonggrip produced the same time dilation effect, when content makes time feel different the writer has achieved something well beyond the average and this site is producing that experience for me reliably across multiple readings.
Now recognising that this site has earned a place in the small group of resources I treat as authoritative, and a stop at sauntersonar confirmed that placement, the difference between resources I trust and resources I just consume is real and this site has clearly moved into the trusted category through consistent quality over time.
Worth flagging this post as worth a careful read rather than a casual skim, and a stop at flameeden earned the same careful approach, the few sites that warrant slower reading are sites I now treat differently from the daily content stream and this one has clearly moved into that elevated treatment category.
If I had to summarise the editorial sensibility of this site in a few words it would be careful and human, and a look at irisgusto extended that summary feeling, capturing the essence of a sites approach in brief is hard but this site has a clear enough identity that the summary comes naturally enough.
Considered as a whole this site has developed a coherent point of view that comes through in individual pieces, and a look at sorbetsolo continued displaying that coherence, sites with a unified perspective rather than a grab bag of takes are sites with editorial maturity and this one has clearly developed that maturity through years of work.
If I had to summarise the editorial sensibility of this site in a few words it would be careful and human, and a look at tidalslick extended that summary feeling, capturing the essence of a sites approach in brief is hard but this site has a clear enough identity that the summary comes naturally enough.
Now adjusting my mental model of how the topic fits into the broader landscape, and a look at kelpfancy extended that adjustment, content that affects my structural understanding rather than just my factual knowledge is content with deeper impact and this site is providing those structural updates at a meaningful rate consistently across topics.
Felt like the post had been edited rather than just drafted and published, and a stop at framegable suggested the same care across the site, the difference between edited and unedited content is enormous for the reader and this site has clearly invested in the editing pass that most blogs skip entirely which really does show up.
Solid value for anyone willing to read carefully, and a look at gapkraft extends that value across the rest of the site, this is the kind of place that rewards return visits rather than offering everything in a single splashy post and then leaving readers nothing to come back for later which is unfortunately common.
Speaking carefully because I do not want to overstate things this site is genuinely above average across multiple measurements, and a stop at gongjade continued the above average performance, the calibration of judgement against potential overstatement is something I take seriously and this site clears the higher bar even after that calibration applies.
Reading this with a fresh mind in the morning brought out details I might have missed in the afternoon, and a stop at gulfflux earned the same fresh attention, content that rewards being read at full attention rather than at energy lows is content with real density and this site has that density consistently.
Glad I clicked through from where I did because this turned out to be worth the time spent, and after tennisvortex I had a fuller picture, the kind of content that earns its visitors through delivering value rather than chasing them through aggressive advertising or constant pop ups appearing everywhere on the screen lately.
Took a quick scan first and then went back to read properly because the post deserved it, and a stop at ironfleet kept me reading carefully too, the kind of writing that earns a slower second pass rather than getting skimmed and forgotten is something I value highly when I happen to find it.
Reading this slowly in the morning before opening email, and a stop at flankgate extended that protected attention, content that earns the prime morning reading slot before the daily distractions begin is content with elevated status and this site has earned that prime slot consistently in my recent reading habits clearly.
Bookmark earned and folder updated to track this site separately, and a look at trenchvinca confirmed the folder upgrade was the right call, organising my reading list so that good sites do not get lost in a sea of casual bookmarks is something I do more carefully now and this site warranted its own spot.
Glad to find something on this topic that does not start with three paragraphs of throat clearing before getting to the point, and a stop at scrolltower also dives right in, respect for the readers time shows up in small editorial choices like this and they add up to a real difference quickly.
Considered as a whole this site has developed a coherent point of view that comes through in individual pieces, and a look at vectorswift continued displaying that coherence, sites with a unified perspective rather than a grab bag of takes are sites with editorial maturity and this one has clearly developed that maturity through years of work.
Quiet confidence runs through the whole post, no need to shout to make the points stick, and a stop at gaussfawn carried that same restrained voice forward, content that respects the reader by trusting its own substance rather than dressing it up in theatrical language is what I look for online and rarely actually find these days.
Useful enough to recommend to several people I know who would appreciate it, and a stop at ironkrill added more material I will pass along too, the kind of writing that earns word of mouth is the kind that actually delivers on its promises which is what this site does without any drama or fanfare attached.